For example, administration of SA to STZ-induced diabetic rats reduced hyperglycemia via phospholipase C/protein kinase C (PLC/PKC) [131] and delayed progression of diabetic nephropathy via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) mediated pathways while upregulating the antioxidant defense enzyme activities [132]. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and diabetic kidney disease.