SHOX and Prader-Willi syndrome: Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatropin, is recommended as the main treatment option for growth failure in children with one of the following conditions: growth hormone deficiency (GHD), Turner syndrome (TS), growth retardation in infants born small for gestational age (SGA), Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), growth retardation due to chronic kidney failure (CKF), and growth retardation associated with a defect in the Short Stature HOmeoboX Containing (SHOX) gene.