PACS2 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Further, our study does not allow a definite statement with regard to the clinical effects and the therapeutic efficacy of a modification of the TRPV1–PACS2 axis in IPF patients, but our results obtained by use of CPS in human IPF PCLS studied ex vivo certainly provide important argument for further development of drugs improving ER–mitochondrial communication.