A number of cytokines are associated with dengue severity, including TNFα, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-17 (IL-17), macrophage migration inhibition factor, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and matrix metalloproteinases10,28-31. Here, HMGB1 is linked to dengue disease.