ANXA5 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In addition, we used Annexin V tests to examine the effect of GDCA on the apoptosis of HCC cells (SUN-449 cells and HepG2 cells) and observed that after GDCA treatment, the apoptosis rates of SUN-449 cells (control 12.4% ± 0.46%, GDCA 28.8% ± 0.28%), (p = 0.013) and HepG2 cells (control 5.6% ± 0.37%, GDCA 22.1% ± 6.32%) (p = 0.014) were remarkably increased (Fig. 9e).