For instance, Hernandez et al. (2020) demonstrated that IGF1 expression was upregulated in myofibroblasts and the fibrotic lung tissue by transforming growth factor β, whose expression was positively correlated with deteriorated lung function in advanced IPF; Guiot et al. (2016) found that the expression of IGFBP2 was substantially higher in the serum of patients with IPF than that in healthy participants, but was reduced in the serum of patients receiving specific anti-fibrosis therapy. Here, IGF1 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.