M1 macrophages are proinflammatory and play an important role in anti-tumor immunity by: (i) orienting cellular immunity towards à TH1 type response by secreting TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-12, (ii) recruiting Th1 lymphocytes to sites of inflammation through secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines and (iii) presenting processed antigens and expressing costimulatory molecules which enhance T cell responses (184). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.