Subsequently, due to the common pathogenesis of cardiovascular dysfunction and immune diseases (Abou-Raya and Abou-Raya, 2006; Prasad et al., 2015), IL-17 has the same effects on atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation (Ross, 1999; Hansson and Libby, 2006); thus, IL-17 may be involved in both processes. Here, IL17A is linked to inflammation.