The synergistic effect of IFN-γ and TNF-α can promote the formation of atherosclerosis (Mehta et al., 2017); IL-17 combined with TNF-α or IFN-γ leads to atherosclerosis by accelerating the apoptosis of VSMC (Clarke et al., 2008; Erbel et al., 2009). Here, IL17A is linked to atherosclerosis.