Intriguingly, pathways involved in DNA replication, DNA damage repair pathways including base excision repair (BER), mismatch repair (MMR), nucleotide excision repair (NER), Fanconi anemia (FA), homologous recombination (HR), and p53 signaling pathway are oppositely regulated by the two pathogens: HPV E6E7 expression activates these pathways, while C. trachomatis suppress them (Fig. 3h, Supplementary Fig. 3g, Supplementary Data 5). The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is Friedreich ataxia.