FOS and Anxiety: Although specific subpopulations of PKCδ+ neurons drive defensive behaviors (Cui et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2018), the PKCδ+ neurons activated by quinpirole and cocaine most likely reduce anxiety-like behaviors, as c-FOS expression in the CeA elicited by cocaine or amphetamine can be prevented by exposure to stressful environments (Day et al., 2001, 2005, 2008), suggesting that indirect DA agonists and potential threats drive opposite effects in CeA microcircuits.