Due to the various functions performed by sirtuins in the regulation of many physiological processes, abundant data indicating their participation in the pathogenesis of different diseases, growing scientific interest in the role of these enzymes, and the lack of, or insufficient data on, the role of selected sirtuins–SIRT1, SIRT3 and SIRT6–in the course of HIV infection, the aim of the study was to show possible changes in the expression of these selected sirtuins during antiretroviral therapy. Here, SIRT1 is linked to HIV infectious disease.