For example, it has been shown that in A549 lung cancer cells, MMP2 interacts with integrin αvβ3 inducing the PI3/AKT signalling pathway, that activates hypoxia-induced transcription factor-1a (HIF-1a) and expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF (Figure 1) [7]. Here, VEGFA is linked to lung carcinoma.