RB1 and cancer: In this respect, certain identified genes, including E2F transcription factors and retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene (RB1), modulated by COVID-19 infection, appear to be involved in SARS-CoV-2-related carcinogenesis [39]; genetic variants of IL12RB1 confer genetic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection [40]; and mutations to RB1 and/or components regulating the cyclin dependent kinase-RB-E2F signaling pathway have been recognized in almost every human cancer [41].