CCR5 and neoplasm: CCL5 by interaction with CCR5 can support tumor progression via pleiotropic effects, including by acting as growth factors, stimulating angiogenesis, enhancing tumor cell migration (metastasis formation, modulating the extracellular matrix, inducing the recruitment of additional stromal and inflammatory cells, decreasing the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents, and taking part in immune evasion mechanisms via inducing the immunosuppressive polarization of macrophages [5].