INS and chronic kidney disease: As many studies have shown, they increase the risk to develop endocrine and cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity [2,3], non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [4,5,6,7] diabetes, and impairment in insulin secretion and beta cell function [8,9,10], hypertension [11,12,13,14], atherosclerosis [9,15,16], coronary artery disease (CAD) [17,18,19,20], chronic kidney disease (CKD) [21,22,23], and thyroid dysfunction [24,25,26] (Figure 1).