Inflammation that appears in the intestine during acidosis, may be responsible for FPN transcriptional regulation [39] Indeed, inflammation have been shown to directly decrease FPN mRNA expression in a hepcidin-independent manner [40,41,42,43] Thus, overall data suggested that metabolic acidosis disturbed iron homeostasis as showed by elevated serum hepcidin with normal transferrin saturation and increased hepcidin production, a clinical phenotype observed in several chronic diseases with functional iron deficiency. Here, TF is linked to Iron deficiency anemia.