These miRNAs have been shown to regulate the expression of genes related to inflammation: miR-155 has been shown to target SHIP1 and SOCS, two negative regulators of the macrophage inflammatory response [8]; the miR-146 family targets include IRAK1 and TRAF6, involved in regulation of cytokine-responsive gene expression, and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, and IL-8 [9]; miR-21 modulates the cytokine IL-12 [10]; and miR-499 targets SOX6, which has been connected to sepsis-induced lung injury [11]. The gene discussed is IRAK1; the disease is Sepsis.