Numerous pathways have been revealed to be activated during the course of diabetic nephropathy, such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; the pro-fibrotic and inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); various kinases such as PKC; and oxidative stress mediators, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) [13]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and diabetic kidney disease.