ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; AR, atrial valve regurgitation; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CRP, C reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVDs left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MR, mitral valve regurgitation; MRA mineralocorticoid antagonist; TLV, tolvaptan; TR, tricuspid valve regurgitation. Here, ACE is linked to atrial fibrillation.