PNPLA3 and chronic kidney disease: Observational studies involving patients with and without T2DM have reported that the presence of the G allele of rs738409 in the PNPLA3 gene is associated with lower eGFR values and/or higher prevalence of CKD, even after adjustment for the presence of NAFLD and other cardio-renal risk factors [28,30,33,36,37,38,39].