The virus induces a plethora of cytokines in the most severe cases of COVID-19, which are identified by activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses with elevated levels of interleukins-1b, 2, 6, 7, 8 and 10 (IL-1b, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-10), as well as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GSF), interferon-g, induced protein (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory-protein 1-a (MIP-1a). Here, CCL2 is linked to COVID-19.