This category includes markers related to the inflammatory process and cell damage (serum levels of S100B, RANKL, ICAM-1, AGPT2, syndecan-1 HR, BDNF, TNF, interleukin-6, PLT, IGF-1, IGFBP-3), FGF-23, anemia, 25(OH)D levels, cardiovascular risk factors (PWV, CCAPI, LVEF), mean flow velocity in the cerebral arteries, or changes in regional cerebral blood (see Figure 2). Here, TNF is linked to anemia.