IFNG and thalassemia: The majority of patients (82.1%) had underlying diseases that adversely affected their systemic immunity and/or local immune defense, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) (75%), overweight status (39.3%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (35.7%), current smoker (39.3%), adult-onset immunodeficiency with anti-interferon gamma autoantibody (21.4%), alcohol use (21.4%), asthma with allergic rhinitis (7.1%), underweight status (10.7%), cirrhosis (7.1%), malignancy (3.6%), thalassemia (3.6%), and an indwelling long-term catheter (3.6%).