We confirmed significantly higher expression of MMP1 (p < 0.0001), MMP9 (p = 0.0173), and ITGB3 (p < 0.0009) as well as significantly lower LGALS2 expression (p < 0.0001) in probable IPA patients compared with control patients (Figure 3a). Here, MMP9 is linked to Ito hypomelanosis.