This dual expression of PD-L1 may have important pathophysiological implications, because although induction of PD-L1 on tumor cells is interferon gamma (IFNg)-dependent and transient, PD-L1 induction on TAMs is of greater magnitude, only partially IFNg dependent and more stable over time, and thus may account for the immunosuppressive microenvironment in ATC [54]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.