CD274 and neoplasm: This PD-L1 induction through different pathways by different immune cells of the tumor microenvironment may result in either accelerated tumor growth and resistance to doxorubicin and ICI of PD-L1+ tumor cells induced by TAMs; or delayed tumor growth and greater sensitivity to both doxorubicin and ICI when induced by T-cells, as shown in a hepatocellular cell line and a mouse model of hepatoma [55].