VEGFA and neoplasm: At the other end of the spectrum, N2 TANs, induced by TGF-β, promote tumorigenesis by remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM), inducing angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis through the secretion of various factors, such as arginase (ARG), metalloproteinases (MMPs), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [85,86].