This explains how both miR-143/-145 anti-oncogenic properties cooperate with the TGF-β antiproliferative ability to suppress tumorigenesis in the early stage, but TGF-β provokes tumor progression at the late stage by inducing lncRNAs to compete against and break down miR-143-3p in a negative feedback loop. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.