TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Similarly, Zhu et al. found that epigenetic silencing of human dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1) in HCC tumors and poorly-differentiated mesenchymal-like HCC cell lines is associated with dysregulated TGF-β signaling and the loss of transcriptional Smad responsiveness of the c-Myc and p21CIP1 genes [208].