PAPPA, PRKCA, TGFB3, ITGA10, ITGA7, CLEC1A, CLEC10A and PAPLN were upregulated in ILC compared to IDC in both the METABRIC and TCGA datasets, highlighting the importance of these genes in the stroma of lobular carcinoma (Supplementary Figure S2). Here, PAPLN is linked to breast lobular carcinoma.