ICIs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are now approved, alone or in combination with other agents, in the treatment of a large number of malignancies (melanoma, NSCLC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, urothelial carcinoma, etc.)[15]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.