PIK3CA and prostate neoplasm: In recent years, through genomic profiling of prostate tumours with all clinical spectra, high frequencies of somatic and germline alterations have been found in DNA damage repair genes (DDR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways; in genes including BRCA1, BRCA2 and ATM (DDR pathway), PTEN, PIK3CA, AKT1 (PI3K pathway), BRAF, HRAS and KRAS (MAPK pathway) [10,12], revealing possible drivers of disease initiation, metastasis and castration resistance.