Furthermore, LMP1 represses the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), leading to extracellular matrix degradation [45], and induces extracellular secretion of HIF1α in exosomes, which ultimately causes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion of EBV-negative nasopharyngeal cells, and NPC [46]. Here, PDLIM7 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.