IGF1 and neoplasm: This is consistent with previously published data about a range of effects associated with EBV LMP1 expression, including the induction of vasculogenic mimicry in vitro via VEGFA; induction of IGF1 expression and cell proliferation in vitro; MAPK pathway regulation, leading to cell motility and invasion; blocking of TGF1 cell-growth inhibition in vitro; and Wnt pathway regulation, both in mice and in human tumor samples of EBV-positive NPC [54,55,56,57,58,59].