Among these biochemical pathways are genes associated with PCOS, including insulin secretion (e.g., INSR, IRS-1, INS), chronic inflammation (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), coagulation cascade and complement (e.g., VWF), signalling (e.g., AMH, LHCGR, INS, ADIPOQ), cancer (e.g., MMP, AR1, INS), and steroidogenesis (e.g., CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1) pathways [33,34]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and cancer.