NPAS1 and Down syndrome: The authors concluded that the above-mentioned features are common features of 19q13.32 microdeletion syndrome, and that these features result from the deletion of 20–23 genes located in this region, among which are NPAS1, NAPA, ARGHGAP35, DHX34, SLC8A2, ZNF541, and MEIS3, genes that are expressed in the brain parenchyma, glial cells, musculoskeletal system, heart, and gastrointestinal system [14].