ADPKD is usually caused by mutations in the PKD1, PKD2, or GANAB genes [53,54] which encode polycystin 1 (PC1) and polycystin 2 (PC2), respectively [55,56], and leads to excessive proliferation of the renal tubular epithelium, causing cyst formation [57] and progressive renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) [58]. Here, PKD1 is linked to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.