GPX1 and lung carcinoma: In 2008, A. Rosenberger et al. conducted an analysis that showed that the carriers of the Leu GPX1 allele (Pro198Leu) had a reduced risk of developing lung cancer (OR 0.6, 95% Cl 0.4–0.8, p-value 0.002 and OR 0.3, 95% Cl 0.1–0.8, p-value 0.012 for heavy smokers) [45].