We have (1) described GIP and GLP-1 as expressed in many human tissues, (2) emphasized the relationship between GIP and GLP-1 and inflammation, (3) highlighted importance of GIP and GLP-1-dependent pathways in atherosclerosis and CAD, and (4) proved that GIP and GLP-1 could be used as markers of incidence, clinical course, and recurrence of CAD and related to the extent and severity of atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and atherosclerosis.