Significant risk factors for failure of discordant treatment were history of recurrent UTIs (95% CI: 1.13–9.98, OR: 3.23, p < 0.05), recent use of antibiotics (95% CI: 1.46–21.82, OR: 5.02, p < 0.01), infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (95% CI: 1.85–62.10, OR: 7.30, p < 0.05), and empirical treatment with combinations of penicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitors (95% CI: 0.94–4.03, OR: 1.94, p = 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene LACTB and infection.