Thus, the aim of this study was to define the relationship between several environmental, laboratory, and genetic factors, i.e., TLR2 and NLRP3 polymorphisms, and H. pylori infection in children, by comparing three different groups of pediatric subjects: H. pylori-induced gastritis, non-H. pylori gastritis, and healthy controls. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is gastritis.