Moreover, there was no change in HAVcR-1 ectodomain levels found in cell media between cell lines; thus, conferring with the clinical data theory that the variation in serum HAVcR-1 ectodomain levels with the occurrence of prostate cancer is not due to a variation in the amount of HAVcR-1 cleavage. Here, HAVCR1 is linked to prostate carcinoma.