LCN2 and hydrops fetalis: Finally, persistently elevated markers of extracellular matrix turnover (osteopontin, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloprotein-1 and matrix metalloprotein-2) [38], together with neurohumoral activation (endothelin-1, NT-proBNP), inflammation (neopterin, procalcitonin) [39] and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) [40], identify advanced HF patients who will likely develop right ventricular failure after LVAD implantation.