DVL3 and neoplasm: In support, DVL3 mRNA and protein expression is elevated in metastatic oesophageal squamous carcinoma, and DVL3 knockdown is reported to reduce oesophageal squamous carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and survival in vitro, while enforced DVL3 expression can increase tumor growth in an oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma xenograft model [92].