DKK3 and prostate carcinoma: Notably, doxycycline-inducible expression of DKK3 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells reduced cell proliferation but did not alter β-catenin cytoplasmic levels or inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling, consistent with the fact that DKK3 does not bind to the Wnt co-receptors LRP5/6 or KREMEN [159].