Our findings are in line with previous reports, describing elevated levels of [TIMP-2] × [IGFBP7] as predictors of adverse outcomes in various clinical conditions, e.g. death, dialysis, or progression to severe AKI in patients with septic shock [17]; AKI in patients after major surgery [18]; imminent risk of AKI in critically ill patients [7]; and AKI in platinum-treated patients at the ICU [19]. Here, TIMP2 is linked to acute kidney injury.