LIF and neoplasm: Additional cancers in which LIF has been implicated as having a role in inducing pathogenesis include Langerhans cell histiocytosis, where LIF may contribute to thrombocytosis and osteoclast activity [100]; nasopharyngeal carcinoma, where LIF is linked to tumor progression and chemoresistance [101]; breast cancer, where LIF is linked to progression, metastasis, and prognosis [86]; and skin cancers, where LIF is linked to hyperplasia and UV radiation response [102].