In addition to studying Cul3 deficiency in the forebrain, Cul3 deficiency was also studied when it was knocked out with anatomic selectivity in prefrontal cortex and striatum in order to exam multilevel impacts of its deficient expression on ASD psychopathology because cortico-striatal alterations are involved in the pathophysiology of autism and schizophrenia. The gene discussed is CUL3; the disease is schizophrenia.