DPP4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: These findings, together with others indicating that reduction of DPP4 activity was associated with cardiac fibrosis and inflammation and with impaired ventricular function in older diabetic rodents, might explain why in randomized placebo-controlled studies vildagliptin induced an undesirable remodeling of LV and saxagliptin increased the risk of HF in T2DM patients [184,185,186].