Intra-cerebro-ventricular exendin-4 in rats induced weight loss but not reduction of leptin, while an increased expression of TNF-α, MCP-1 and factors involved in extracellular matrix deposition was observed in repeated biopsies of abdominal SAT from T2DM patients treated with liraglutide [177,178]. Here, TNF is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.