PLAU and neoplasm: ↑ uPA in 71% of PDAC samples, ↑ 9-fold relative to benign tumours (p = 0.002). All PDAC sections showed grade 2–3 immunostaining for uPA antibody vs. no staining in negative control sections or normal pancreas. ↑ uPA associated with degraded ECM and poor tissue morphology. ↑ uPA associated with ↑ tumour stage (↑ 75-fold in stage III PDAC relative to normal pancreatic tissue).