IL32 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Additionally, the combination of IL32 and ALT/AST as a predictive diagnostic model was found to improve accuracy by 14% in identifying patients with NAFLD in comparison with ALT/AST alone (AUROC 0.92 vs. 0.81, p < 0.001), suggesting the IL32 could serve as a non-invasive biomarker for the presence and severity assessment of NAFLD [259].