The following patients were excluded: those with functioning PanNENs (n = 42), hereditary diseases such as MEN-1 (n = 5) and VHL (n = 2), synchronous other malignancies (n = 10), insufficient EUS-FNA sample for pathological evaluation (n = 2), undetectable lesions on CE-CT (n = 3), less than 6 months of follow-up period (n = 6). This evidence concerns the gene VHL and hereditary disease.