Tomioka et al. showed that interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, shows significantly higher expression in PBM-associated cancers than in unassociated cancers of the gallbladder, suggesting that the overexpression or milieu of IL-33 may lead to a pro-oncogenic microenvironment for the gallbladder mucosa in patients with PBM. The gene discussed is IL33; the disease is gallbladder cancer.